Sigmund Freud (1914) published his theory of narcissism in a lengthy essay titled " On Narcissism: An Introduction". He observed that these people had a high need for uniqueness. He described people with the God-complex as being aloof, self-important, overconfident, auto-erotic, inaccessible, self-admiring, and exhibitionistic, with fantasies of omnipotence and omniscience. In an essay in 1913 called "The God-complex", Ernest Jones considered extreme narcissism as a character trait. In 1911 Otto Rank published the first clinical paper about narcissism, linking it to vanity and self-admiration. Narcissism, in this context, was seen as a perversion that consumed a person's entire sexual life. In 1889, psychiatrists Paul Näcke and Havelock Ellis used the term "narcissism", independently of each other, to describe a person who treats his own body in the same way in which the body of a sexual partner is ordinarily treated. a characteristic in several of the object relations.
Since that time, the term has had a significant divergence in meaning in psychology. It was not until the late 1800s that narcissism began to be defined in psychological terms. Some religious movements such as the Hussites attempted to rectify what they viewed as the shattering and narcissistic cultures of recent centuries. In ancient Greece, the concept was understood as hubris.
The concept of excessive selfishness has been recognized throughout history. When Narcissus discovers that the object of his love cannot love him back, he slowly pines away and dies. When Narcissus rejects the nymph Echo, who was cursed to only echo the sounds that others made, the gods punish Narcissus by making him fall in love with his own reflection in a pool of water. Book III of the poem tells the mythical story of a handsome young man, Narcissus, who spurns the advances of many potential lovers. The term narcissism comes from the Roman poet Ovid's Metamorphoses, written in the year 8 AD. While many psychologists believe that a moderate degree of narcissism is normal and healthy in humans, there are also more extreme forms, observable particularly in people who are excessively self-absorbed, or who have a mental illness like narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), where the narcissistic tendency has become pathological. Narcissism exists on a continuum that ranges from normal to abnormal personality expression. Narcissism is a self-centered personality style characterized as having an excessive preoccupation with oneself and one's own needs, often at the expense of others. Narcissus (1597–99) by Caravaggio the man in love with his own reflection For other uses, see Narcissism (disambiguation).
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